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Post by Pauline Biblicist on Mar 26, 2015 15:48:49 GMT -6
Baptisms in the Bible – (Yes, there is more than one!) Nikola Polic@ www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100009044609872&fref=ts1. Noah’s type baptism Peter mentions that eight people were saved by water in an ark as a type of a future baptism. (Gen 6:13; 1 Peter 3:20-21) 2. Baptism unto Moses Paul presents Israel’s baptism unto Moses “in the cloud and in the sea”. (1 Cor 10:1-2; Exo 14:29) 3. Israel’s ceremonial cleansings These cleansing rituals were required under the Mosaic Law for cleansing. (Num 19:13; Lev 11:25; Exo 19:14; Exo 30:17-21; Heb 9:10) 4. Levitical priesthood baptisms These washings were required in order to become a priest under the Law of Moses. (Exo 29:4; Lev 8:6; Num 8:7) 5. Traditional Jewish baptisms These baptisms were not mandated under the Law but were part of Jewish tradition. (Mt 15:1-2; Mk 7:1-9; Lk 11:38) 6. John’s baptism John came to Israel baptizing with water for the remission of sins so that they could enter the promised kingdom. (Mt 3:5-6; Mk 1:4; Lk 3:3; Jn 1:31; Lk 7:29; Acts 10:37) 7. Jesus’ baptism by John Jesus, who knew no sin, was baptized by John to fulfill all righteousness. (Mat 3:13-17;Mk 1:9-10) 8. Baptism with fire Jesus would baptize the nation with fire as they went through the tribulation. This trial baptism would damn the unfaithful to hell. (Isa 4:4; Mal 3:2-3; Mt 3:11; Lk 3:16) 9. Jesus’ baptism unto death Jesus’ second baptism which he accomplished at the cross where he was identified with the sins of Israel and the world. (Mt 20:22-23; Mk 10:38-39; Luke 12:50) 10. Pentecostal water baptism Peter’s presentation of water baptism for the remission of sins in the name of Jesus. (Acts 2:38; Mk 16:16; Mt 28:19; Acts 22:16; Eze 36:25) 11. Pentecostal Spirit baptism This is the baptism with the Holy Spirit by Jesus Christ from heaven poured out upon the believing remnant of Israel with signs and powers following. (Isa 44:3; Mt 3:11;Mk 1:8; Lk 24:49; Acts 2:17-18, 38; Acts 8:15-17; Acts 11:16) 12. Gentile baptism of Cornelius Cornelius was baptized with the Holy Spirit as a sign to Peter. Peter subsequently baptizes Cornelius and the other Spirit-filled Gentiles with water. (Acts 10:45-48) 13. Baptism for the dead This baptism is debated heavily and is most likely synonymous with one of the other baptisms. (1 Cor 15:29) 14. Baptism into Christ The only baptism taught by Paul which identifies the believer with Christ, his death, and resurrection. This baptism is performed by the Spirit and does not include water. (1 Cor 12:13; Eph 4:5; Col 2:12; Gal 3:27; Rom 6:3-4)
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Post by Brenna on Jan 23, 2021 9:34:45 GMT -6
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Post by Caren on Oct 1, 2022 6:33:25 GMT -6
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Post by Eugenio on Oct 2, 2022 12:02:15 GMT -6
By Clyde Russell
NUSA DUA, Indonesia, Sept 21 (Reuters) - There's no doubt that the global coal industry has been a major beneficiary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent energy crisis.
But now the industry is starting to think beyond the current short-term exuberance and work out ways they can remain in the global energy mix, rather than fade away and die in an increasingly carbon-constrained world.
Asia's coal players gathered this week at the Indonesian resort island of Bali for the Coaltrans Asia conference, and the mood was far more upbeat than in past events in recent years.
That's hardly surprising given that thermal coal prices have surged since Moscow's Feb.
24 attack on Ukraine, with futures linked to the Australian benchmark Newcastle price hitting a record high of $457.80 a tonne in early September, having more than doubled over the past 12 months.
The Australian benchmark is for a high-energy coal mainly used by Japan, South Korea and utilities in Europe, but even lower-rank Australian and Indonesian coal has performed strongly amid a surge in demand as Europe seeks to end imports of coal, crude oil and natural gas from Russia.
Representatives of coal miners in Indonesia and Australia, the world's two largest exporters of thermal coal, were ebullient at the Coaltrans event, but also cautious that the current windfall is unlikely to last beyond 2023 or 2024.
They were also cautious about the outlook for investment in new coal mines, especially in Australia given higher levels of environmental activism and a reluctance of banks and financial institutions to back more coal.
The discussion kept returning to the theme of how can coal exporters remain in the energy mix, especially as their main customers have committed to net-zero emissions, most of them by 2050.
Two main streams of thought were present, to boost the development and implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) solutions, and to increase the use of carbon offsets.
In theory both of these solutions do offer some hope for coal miners, but then the main problem comes in. Who pays?
The coal mining industry has known for some time that it is widely viewed as the global bogeyman when it comes to carbon pollution, but it has yet to put any significant investment of its own money into CCS.
It rather seems that the coal industry hopes that governments or end-users such as utilities will fund the development of scalable CCS, but this is likely to be a forlorn hope.
If you leave the decision-making to governments or your customers you run the risk of getting decisions you don't like.
Why would a utility invest heavily in CCS if it can implement cheaper alternatives to reduce carbon, such as renewables and battery storage, or pumped hydro or even importing hydrogen or ammonia from countries with an excess of renewable power, such as Australia is planning on becoming?
CCS is also widely dismissed by many environmentalists as unworkable and of having largely failed where it has been trialled.
The more sensible in the coal and power sector realise that CCS won't work everywhere, but there are some power plants where it may be viable, such as those close to a suitable underground reservoir where the carbon dioxide can be stored.
CARBON OFFSETS
What potentially offers a more feasible solution is carbon offsets as these would in theory allow the entire coal chain from miners to utilities to say the impact of their emissions has been fully mitigated.
There are several challenges to be overcome for this scenario to work, and once again the main one is who pays.
But it will also be vitally important for the carbon offsets to have credibility and be viewed as genuinely taking carbon out of the atmosphere, rather than the more dubious practice of some offsets of avoided emissions, such as paying landowners to keep existing trees rather than log them.
Assuming the offsets are genuine and audited, then the main question becomes one of cost to fully offset all the emissions, known as Scope 1, 2 and 3.
Lisa Street, head of climate and carbon markets at OPIS, told the conference that the cost wasn't as prohibitive as many would have feared, at least for now.
Using a voluntary carbon offset, such as the International Civil Aviation Organization's Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) would result in a cost of between 6% and 16% for low-rank Indonesian thermal coal, Street said.
For higher energy Australian thermal coal the cost of the offsets is even less, given its current high price, coming in at just over 2%.
A coal miner seeking to stay in the seaborne market could buy the offsets and credibly claim that their coal was net-zero, which in turn may encourage utilities to keep buying and keep their coal-fired units operating.
It's also possible that cost-sharing could be agreed, but the key to success for any miner looking to use offsets will be first-mover advantage.
The seaborne thermal coal market is just under 1 billion tonnes per annum, and there simply is nowhere near enough credible offsets available to handle that volume, and nor is there likely to be in the foreseeable future.
Also, as coal miners, and other polluters, compete for offsets, the price will invariably rise, thereby adding to the cost.
For exporting coal miners, there is probably a narrow path to remaining in business for the long term.
It's up to them whether they see the cost as a price worth paying.
(Editing by Stephen Coates)
Rājgarh India - pkmndusk.in -
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Post by Katherin on Oct 2, 2022 13:03:15 GMT -6
Vattenfall plans more offshore wind power as costs fall By Reuters
Published: 15:21 BST, 7 September 2016 | Updated: 15:21 BST, 7 September 2016
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By Vera Eckert
MUNICH, Sept 7 (Reuters) - Swedish utility Vattenfall plans to more than triple its offshore wind power by 2025 as costs fall, part of its transformation to a renewable energy company.
The company started producing power at its Sandbank German offshore wind farm in the North Sea on Wednesday, which takes its total installed offshore wind capacity up to 2.2 gigawatts (GW).
"We aim for at least 7 GW by 2025 and I would not rule out that we achieve more," Gunnar Groebler, the company's executive group management member in charge of wind, said.
Vattenfall will bid in the Kriegers Flak tender in Denmark in the autumn and will hire 150 more staff in wind power over the next 12 months, Groebler told Reuters in an interview.
The company is also one of three pre-qualified bidders for a 350 MW near shore tender in Denmark, after bidding this month.
Groebler said the industry's learning curve and the low interest environment would allow for strong cost reductions in the long term.
This was borne out by rival Dong's win of a Dutch offshore wind tender at record low prices in July.
Dong's winning bid for the Borssele 1 and 2 projects said it could produce electricity at 72.2 euros per megawatt hour (MWh).
This compared with 103 euros/MWh achieved by Vattenfall's win of the Horns Rev 3 tender in Denmark last year, then thought to be a breakthrough.
Critics say that offshore wind is still the most expensive renewable energy source in Europe, the world's most advanced region for the technology, especially in Denmark, Britain, Denmark and the Netherlands.
Wholesale power generated from fossil fuels in Germany currently fetches 26 euros/MWh.
But Groebler said that even in higher-cost Germany, he now sees wind power producing electricity at below 100 euros/MWh by "significantly earlier" than Vattenfall's previous target date of 2020.
Germany does not compare with the Netherlands one-to-one because of different auction rules and additional costs for offshore transformers.
Depending on how much power market prices rise up to 2025, offshore wind could become subsidy-free by that date, Groebler said.
Future turbines offering 8 megawatts (MW), double the current size, would provide better scale and also allow for operational savings over many years, he said.
Vattenfall has claimed it would be one of the greenest utilities in Europe after selling its loss-making lignite coal mines and power plants in Germany earlier this year.
It has said it wants to reach an installed offshore wind capacity of 4 GW by the end of this decade, at falling costs to consumers, and Groebler said it would seek to fill 150 more wind-related jobs to add to the existing 600 over the next 12 months.
"We are fully on course with our strategy and we will hire more people," Groebler said.
With near full-time production out at sea, offshore developers and operators argue wind power is the most solid answer to the future requirement for reliable, round-the-clock, green power in a decarbonised world.
(Editing by Susan Fenton)
Escort Havlíčkův Brod Czech Republic, fivtopolo.pw,
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Post by Leora on Oct 2, 2022 13:09:45 GMT -6
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Post by Martina on Oct 4, 2022 4:29:03 GMT -6
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